COMUNIDADE E REDES DE INTERAÇÕES DE ABELHAS (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) VISITANTES FLORAIS DO MORANGO (Fragaria X ananassa Duchene) NO NORTE CATARINENSE E SUL PARANAENSE

Abstract

The bee community was studied in five areas of organic production of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa - Duschene). Bees were collected directly in flowers once a week in each of the areas, the maximum period during flowering (September/2011 the fevereiro/2012). The beds were covered the period from 9:00 to 16:20 hrs and all the bees in the flowers observed were captured at intervals of 20min/hora, resulting in a sampling effort of 490 hours and 75 collections. This work is divided into two chapters: the first chapter examined the biodiversity of the community of bees visiting the flowers of strawberry, to check whether strawberry cultivars that present surroundings with more natural areas of forests, supporting greater biodiversity of bees in relation to those under native vegetation. The second chapter refers to the network of interactions between bees visiting the flowers of strawberry plants and flowers surrounding the cultivars. A total of 2552 bees were sampled belonging to the families Apidae (n = 1257, 49.25%) Halictidae (n = 1123, 44%) Andrenidae (n = 170, 6.67%), Megachilidae (n = 1 , 12:04%) and Colletidae (n = 1, 12:04%), 153 totatilzando species. Apidae was the larger family, while Halictidae had the highest number of species (n = 103 spp). The most abundant species were: Plebeia sp1 (n = 428), Tetragonisca angustula (n = 403), Apis mellifera (n = 150) and Dialictus sp82 (n = 131). The diversity alpha (?) was significantly smaller in one area (dmg = 7.91, H `= 1.90 and J` = 0.48) than the other four areas sampled. Regarding interaction networks, 950 samples of pollen grains from 107 species were analyzed, noting that they visited 62 plant species including strawberry. Networks bees plants represented here are typical of mutualistic interactions in highly nested structure, low connectance (11.48 "A" 16.56 in the "E"), low average degrees both plants and animals; prevalence of interactions weak and occurrence of asymmetric interactions. The network area "B" had the highest number of connections possible (M = 2184) and the highest species richness (S = 94), while the area "E" had the highest total number of recorded interactions (degree = 328).