Avaliação de um sistema de colheita de Pinus taeda L. em diferentes produtividades do povoamento

Abstract

This study aimed to perform a technical and economic analysis of a timber harvesting system in whole trees in forest plantations with different productivities and to support the planning, increased productivity and cost reduction. Due to operational characteristics of timber harvest and its participation in costs of production, it`s needed the knowledge about the real productivity capability, costs of production and variables of influence in timber harvest system. We performed a technical and economic analysis through the study of time and motion, determining operational costs, productivity and operational efficiency of equipment Feller Buncher, Skidder, Harvester and system components and their interruptions. Data collection was performed in the areas of a company located in northern Santa Catarina in plantation of Pinus taeda L., with average productivity of settlement (APS) of 403.0, 550.0 and 670.0 m³/ha., (APS) I, II and III respectively. From the results it was observed that the highest cost of harvesting system productivity occurred in class ASP I; Harvester had the highest cost of production, and the average individual volume was its major influencing factor; alone the machine that showed the best energetic performance was Feller Buncher in class APS III; the chain saw, in all of classes, had the lowest energy efficiency. For the system as a whole the best energy productivity was in class ASP III. The individual volume had more influence on the productivity of the chainsaw over time for delimbing tree. The greatest productivity in Skidder occurred in class ASP III and at distances ? 50 m, being the distance to drag the most influential factor in the productivity of equipment; The volume per hectare had important influence on productivity for Feller Buncher, mainly about the element of empty displacement cycle. In the evaluation of the models, the highest value for adjusted R2 was for Skidder and the lowest one was for Harvester. As regard to the estimative standard error, the lowest error was identified in harvester and the highest one was in Feller Buncher.