FITOSSOCIOLOGIA, DINÂMICA E BIOMASSA DE UM FRAGMENTO DA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL - PARANÁ

Abstract

The present study aimed to address the Semideciduous Forest aspects of floristic and phytosociological relationships, knowing their dynamic processes, estimate the amount of accumulated biomass and carbon sequestered in its various components, and finally perform an economic evaluation of current and future capital stored in the forest. The work was conducted in the municipality of São José das Palmeiras, western region of Paraná State. Data consisted in collected diameter at breast height - DBH (cm) and height (m) of all trees with DBH ? 5 cm, coming from a permanent sample plot, with an area of 5000 m?, divided into 50 subunits of 100m ?, that were installed in 2007 and remeasured in 2011. Regarding the phytosociological aspects 779 individual trees were recorded, of which 102 individuals standing dead and 677 alive, distributed in 31 families, 56 genera and 61 species. Stood out in number of species families Fabaceae (27.47%), Verbenaceae (15.51%), Euphorbiaceae (7.39%), Meliaceae (5.61%), followed by Malvaceae (4.87%) and Rutaceae (4.87%), they gathered 65% of the total species found. In relation to floristic aspect, the fragment showed a considerable richness of species with high values of Shannon and Pielou. Thus it can be seen that the fragment is well maintained, featuring a forest in initial stage of regeneration. In 2011, there were individuals killed, measured and remeasured the survivors identified and recruited individuals (DBH> 5 cm). The basal area / hectare remained virtually the same, with a drop of 0.30 m? / ha, being influenced by the high annual mortality rate (5.98%) and small entrance fee (3.32%). Due to mortality, six species no longer exist in the survey, but three other new species arose. The mean annual increment (MAI) for all species was 0.20 cm, ranging from 0.03 to 0.76 cm. The species Chorisia speciosa A.St.-Hil. and Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez obtained IMA of 0.86 cm and 0.32 cm respectively, bringing the average for the last IMA diameter classes. 32 trees were felled samples for adjustment of allometric equations, which were selected by means of ranking the importance value (IV). Once the components were separated in the trees bark, stem, leaves, miscellaneous, live and dead branches, was also adjusted to the total. We selected the equations that have the best values for the regression statistics, adjusted R ? and Syx%, as well as by visual analysis of the scatter plot of the residuals. The prognosis of the distribution of the diameter distribution was performed by reason of movements. In assessing the economic value was estimated productive capacity of the stand on the current and future carbon sequestration. The 4 coefficient of determination (R ? adj.) For the selected equations ranged from 0.11 to 0.90 and error 141.89 to 41.53% for biomass components, and between 0.03 and 0.87 for R ? adj . and from 143.64 to 46.20% error for carbon stored in the components. Was estimated at 42.1 ton.ha?¹ to total biomass and 29.39 ton.ha?¹ to total carbon stored. For the seasonal semideciduous forest fragment, there is a greater carbon storage in wood bole> live branches> leaves> bark bole> dead branches> miscellaneous. Using the future diameter distributions by the method ratio was estimated motion carbon stored total (air + roots) of 4 in 4 years, up to the year 2031, used the value of U $ 9.28 per ton of carbon dioxide effectively sequestered. The productive value to the settlement reached U.S. $ 299.95 per hectare / year.