ASSOCIAÇÕES ENTRE O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E CONDIÇÕES DEMOGRÁFICAS, SOCIOECONÔMICAS, ALIMENTARES E DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE CRIANÇAS

Abstract

The nutritional state exerts strong influence on infant morbimortality. Thus, periodic nutritional evaluations must be performed, making the analysis of health and nutrition conditions of children possible. The objective of the research was to evaluate demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional and of physical activity aspects and their relationship with the nutritional state of students of Guarapuava, PR. It was analyzed the demographic and socioeconomic data of the family and information relative to the nutritional state, dietary intake and nutritional knowledge, as well as the practice of physical activity of 552 students between the ages of 7 to 9 years old of 16 municipal public schools. The nutritional evaluation was performed by means of anthropometric indicators corporal mass index for age (CMI/A), weight for age (W/A) and stature for age (S/A). Qui-square and Fisher`s exact tests were used, besides logistic regression to evaluate the association of the variables with the nutritional state.A high frequency of weight excess was observed, both by CMI/A (40.6%) and by W/A (19.4%), however, few children presented low weight (1.10% - CMI/A and 1.8% - W/A). The majority of the children presented suitable S/A (97.3%). On the CMI/A index, the low weight was associated with children with accountable parents with the age higher than 40 years old (OR=0.09). For the W/A evaluation, major prevalence of low weight for age was verified in children that do not like physical activity (10%, OR=86.03), with accountable parents with no employment relationship (20%, OR=11.97), that inhabit the rural area (20%) and that do not have cell phones at home (20%, OR=0.09). The weight excess proved to be more prevalent in children with accountable parents with complete or incomplete basic education (43%, OR=2.25) and less predominance in rural zone residents (0.9%, OR=0.05). The low S/A showed major prevalence in children that had single accountable parents (73.3%, OR=6.78) and that did not own a television (13.3%, OR=5.63), a computer/ tablet/ iPad (60%) and a cell phone (26.7%, OR=8.14) at home. Boys had lower prevalence of low S/A (26.7%, OR=0.21), while children with accountable parents without employment relationship presented higher chances (OR=7.82) of low S/A. It follows that the investigated population presents high prevalence of weight excess. Moreover, the demographic and socioeconomic factors are the ones that most influence the nutritional state of children, revealing, as well, the interference of conditions related to the family environment and of the accountable for the children.