Quebra de dormência de macieiras com uso de alho em Guarapuava-PR

Abstract

The use of chemicals to break dormancy in the fruit of temperate is bringing great concern due to toxicity in humans. The hydrogen cyanamide, commercial product Dormex® is the only molecule registered in the ministry of agriculture to the breaking of dormancy in the temperate fruit is highly toxic to the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the main effect of garlic on dormancy breaking of apple trees. The experiment was installed in commercial orchard trees of 'Fuji Kiku' and 'Gala Brooksfield', and the following commercial products were used as treatments in different concentrations, Mineral Oil (MO) - Assist ®, Bioalho ® (BA), hydrogen cyanamide ( CN) - Dormex ®. We used also the natural garlic (NG) and treatment. The experiment was installed in the laboratory, which were mounted phenolic foam boards with 20 mini-cuttings of a gem. We applied the following treatments with different concentrations: mineral oil (Assist ®), garlic extract (Bioalho ®) and natural garlic. The experimental design for the experimental field was in randomized blocks with 4 replicates for the experiment in the laboratory was a completely randomized design. For percentage of sprouting was held polynomial regression analysis for productivity variables in t ha-1, mass (g), number of fruits per plant, pulp firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity. Was applied the test of Student-Newman Keuls (SNK), at 5% level of probability of confidence. The best treatment for percentage of sprouting for all cultivar was BA 5mL L-1 + 30ml OM mL L-1 for the variables number of fruits per plant and yield in t ha-1 for the cultivar Fuji Kiku, and the control differed are all the treatments, achieving the lowest results. For the variable weight of the fruit cultivar Fuji Kiku BA was the best treatment 5mL L-1 + OM 30ml L-1, and for the cultivar Gala was the best treatment Brooskfield NG 5mL L-1 + OM 30mL L-1 for variable firmness of the pulp treatment CN 5mL L-1 + OM 20 mL L-1 received the lowest value, is statistically different from the others. The shooting was poor because of lack of cold and low rainfall soon after treatment. It is concluded that the garlic-based treatments were effective in overcoming dormancy in trees.