ESTUDO DO DESEMPENHO E DAS EMISSÕES GASOSAS DE MOTORES NÃO-RODOVIÁRIOS DE PEQUENO PORTE OPERANDO COM GASOLINA E ÁLCOOL ETÍLICO ANIDRO COMBUSTÍVEL (AEAC) MISTURADOS EM DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES

Abstract

The present study evaluated the behavior of carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (HCT) as a function of the AEAC levels added to gasoline A (E0, E10, E20, E27), the use of single cylinder engines of different sizes (13 and 6,5 hp), the loads applied to the engines and the air-fuel ratio (A/C) allowed in the cylinder. For the same mixtures, the performance of the two engines in terms of mass, specific and energetic consumption of the fuel mixtures and efficiency of each engine-generator system was verified, as a function of engine power and the loads applied to them. The statistical treatment of gaseous emissions data was performed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and performance data were submitted to analysis of variance with one factor (ANOVA one-way). The similarity in the data behavior of concentration gases, consumption and efficiency between the two engines (13 and 6,5 hp) was verified by Pearson's linear correlation. The results showed that, for both engines, when there was an increase in the ethanol content in the mixture, the exhaust gases (CO and HC) concentrations decreased significantly and the fuel consumption presented a slight tendency to increase; the increases of loads applied to the engines implied an increase in CO and HC emissions and fuel consumption. In general, the higher content of AEAC (oxygenated) in fuel mixtures had a greater effect on the gaseous emissions, compared to the effect on the consumptions and efficiency of the sets (which were more influenced by the variation of loads). The statistical analysis adopted showed that the variation of the factors adopted for the emission tests (mixture, load and lambda) and performance (mixture and load) had a greater influence on the response variables when compared to the engine power variation.