ALOCAÇÃO ESPACIAL ÓTIMA DE PLANTIOS FLORESTAIS COM PROGRAMAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA

Abstract

The planted tree sector is an important segment for the maintenance and development of economy in Brazil, in addition to its fundamental role in preserving the environment and mitigating the effects of climate change. The State of Paraná is quite diversified in edaphoclimatic terms, a factor that makes possible the planting of Pinus and Eucalyptus genera economically viable when correctly allocated. The combination of fiber properties of both genera, with low logistical costs, guarantees products with differentiated and competitive characteristics in the national and international markets. Given the importance of Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations and their correct spatial allocation, the objective of this study was to develop an entire programming model to assist the decisionmaking process of genera planting allocation, taking into account the productive potential of each environment, the effect of planting seasonality and its consequences on wood production, the additional costs with forestry due to the time the land remains without planting and the wood transporting costs at the end of the cycle. The study was conducted based on data from a company located in the State of Paraná, using data from the tactical harvest planning that represented 21,384 hectares, which have the option of being planted with three different species (Pinustaeda, Eucalyptussaligna and Eucalyptus urograndis), following a genera ratio defined by the consolidated strategic planning in the company. The model was built for decision-making on a monthly level, with a 12-month horizon. We generated scenarios with both the objective function of maximizing profit and of maximizing volume. We compared all scenarios with the scenario performed by the company. The scenario with the best result regarding profit presented an increase of R$ 44,606,166.63 (4.7%) concerning the base scenario. The transport costs are an important variable that makes up profit, so the maximization of volume did not correspond to the maximum possible profit. The model and applied techniques showed positive results to represent the proposed problem and assist in the decision-making process.