TEDE Coleção: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia

CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS, FISIOLÓGICAS E DE PÓS COLHEITA DE MIRTILEIROS TRATADOS COM SILÍCIO VIA FOLIAR

2020-02-12T00:00:00Z

Título: CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS, FISIOLÓGICAS E DE PÓS COLHEITA DE MIRTILEIROS TRATADOS COM SILÍCIO VIA FOLIAR Autor: SILVA, THAYS Primeiro orientador: Botelho, Renato Vasconcelos Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of silicon (Si) in blueberry cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the experimental orchard of the State University of the Midwest, in Guarapuava city, Paraná. A randomized blocks design in a 5x2 factorial scheme (cultivars x treatments) was used, except for lignin and PAL activity analyses, where the design of 5x2x2 (cultivars x treatment x evaluation time) was assigned. The treatments consisted of the cultivars Beckyblue, O'Neal, Climax, Brigthwell, and Misty, without and with the foliar application of Si. The evaluations wereproductivity, leaf mass (MF), leaf area (PA), fluorescence, chlorophyll, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and lignin. Also, postharvest aspects were evaluated in the fruits of three cultivars (Beckyblue, Climax, Brigthwell) such as number of fruits, diameter, mass, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, phenolic compounds (PC), anthocyanins (ANT), and peroxidase (POD). Si foliar application showed positive effects on the vegetative development of the cultivars Climax and Brigthwell, as it promoted higher productivity, AF, chlorophyll b and total, PAL activity in both times, and better functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus through better relationships of Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo. The same effects were not observed for cv. O'Neal, demonstrating the harmful effect of the use of Si on the vegetative characteristics of MF, PAL activity at time 2, lignin at both times, and worse Ratios Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo showing lower photosynthetic efficiency. The other cultivars have not shown significant influence of foliar application of Si for both vegetative and postharvest aspects of fruits. Foliar napplication of Si provided improvement in the quality of blueberry fruits, and there was an increase in mass, diameter and number of fruits. The most notable effect that occurred for the three cultivars evaluated was the highest content of PC and ANT, and the only negative effect found in the fruits of all cultivars was the decrease in POD activity. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação

CONSERVAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA DE PÊSSEGOS COM APLICAÇÃO DE REVESTIMENTOS ADITIVADOS DE EXTRATO DE ERVA-MATE

2018-02-27T00:00:00Z

Título: CONSERVAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA DE PÊSSEGOS COM APLICAÇÃO DE REVESTIMENTOS ADITIVADOS DE EXTRATO DE ERVA-MATE Autor: Sapelli, Karla Siebert Primeiro orientador: Botelho, Renato Vasconcelos Abstract: Peach is an important climacteric tropical fruit consumed in many countries, being an important source of vitamins and nutrients for human diet. However, inadequate postharvest conservation can influence peach quality and cause a high level of fruit losses. The experiment was conducted with the objective of testing the potential of the application of glycerol-based coatings or cassava starch, supplemented with yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill) in the postharvest conservation of peaches. For the first year of evaluation, fruits cv. Della Nona and the treatments used were:uncoated fruits, fruits with glycerol-based coatings supplemented with yerba extract at 0 g L-1 (G+0%E), 5 g L-1 (G+5 %E), 10 g L-1 (G+10%E) and 15 g L-1 (G+15%E) and fruits with cassava starch-based coatings supplemented with yerba extract at 0 g L-1 (F+0%E), 5 g L-1 (F+5%E), 10 g L-1 (F+10%E) and 15 g L-1 (F+15%E). The fruits were stored for 20 days at 1 ° C with 95% relative humidity (RH). In the second year of experimentation were used peaches cv. Kampai were evaluated in the following treatments: control (fruits treated with distilled water), glycerol-based coatings supplemented with yerba extract at 0 g L-1 (G+0%E) and 15 g L-1 (G+15%E) and fruits with cassava starch-based coatings supplemented with yerba extract at 0 g L-1 (F+0%E) and 15 g L-1 (F+15%E). The fruits were stored for 13 days at 1 ° C with 95% relative humidity (RH). To evaluate the postharvest quality of fruits, physicochemical analyzes were performed, including soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), weight loss, firmness, staining and anthocyanins. To evaluate the in vitro effect of the coatings on fungus growth Monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot, conidia germination and the area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC) were evaluated. In order to evaluate the in vivo brown rot control, the fruits were inoculated with the M. fructicola fungus and evaluated for incidence (%) and infection index (%) and the peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes. It was observed that the use of coatings reduced the loss of mass by 49% and soluble solids content and increased fruit firmness, delayed browning of the fruit epidermis and evolution of red and yellow coloration. The addition of the doses of the aqueous extract of yerba mate influenced the postharvest quality of the fruits and the effectiveness of the coatings. For the fruits coated with glycerol the lower doses of yerba mate reduced the loss of mass and the soluble solids content and for coloring the doses of 0 g L-1, 5g L-1 and 15g L-1 delayed the browning of the epidermis and evolution of red coloration. In the coating of the fruits with cassava starch, the addition of 5 g L-1 and 15 g L-1 of the yerba mate extract promoted greater firmness of the fruits and the dose of 5 g L-1 lower soluble solids content, for color the yerba mate increased darkening of the epidermis and accelerated the evolution of the red coloration. For peaches cv. Kampai treatment with glycerol presented greater conservation of physical-chemical characteristics in the storage period in relation to those coated with cassava starch. The treatment with glycerol promoted greater red color development in the fruits, which coincides with the results of anthocyanins. The coatings were not efficient in the in vitro control of M. fructicola, being that the higher doses promoted higher AUMGC and for germination of conidia the dose of 10% of the extract was more efficient in the control of the pathogen. In the in vivo control the F + 15% treatment completely inhibited the development of brown rot in the peaches in cv. Della Nona, for peaches cv. Kampai, the lowest incidence and infection rate were observed for the highest dose of yerba mate extract, for both glycerol and cassava starch. For the enzymes, the use of coatings promoted increased peroxidase activity. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação

PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA FORRAGEM DE CEREAIS DE INVERNO COLHIDOS EM DIFERENTES FASES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO

2023-07-26T00:00:00Z

Título: PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA FORRAGEM DE CEREAIS DE INVERNO COLHIDOS EM DIFERENTES FASES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO Autor: Plodoviski, Daniel Corrêa Primeiro orientador: Neumann, Mikael Abstract: The present work sought to evaluate the effect of hibernal forage combinations under different harvesting managements for animal feeding. The materials evaluated consisted of combinations of black oats (Avena strigosa Schereb.), white oats (Avena sativa L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). For white oats, the cv. GMX Tambo was used; for black oats, the cv. GMX Picasso and GMX Bagual were used; for rye, the cv. Temprano was used. The cultivar associations used were: ABT+APP- Tambo White Oats + Picasso Black Oats; ABT- Tambo White Oats; APB+APP - Bagual Black Oats + Picasso Black Oats; ABT + CT - Tambo White Oats + Temprano Rye. The forage combinations described were subjected to five successive cuts, simulating grazing. A single cut was also carried out at the pre-flowering stage and a single cut at the mealy grain stage, in order to evaluate the forage for making pre-drying and silage. The evaluations measured the productions according to the interaction of the cultivars as well as the effect of the different types of cut on the variables analyzed. The bromatological analyses measured the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIG), mineral matter (MM), and estimated the concentrations of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). The in situ degradability of the samples was performed at 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours. The morphological composition of the plants was also performed. When evaluated under a regime of five successive cuts, the combinations of hibernal forages showed stability in their bromatological characteristics of fiber until the fourth cut, suffering considerable decrease in forage quality and degradation of dry matter when evaluated the fifth cut. Evaluating the combinations tested in the same management, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for the NDF content of the ABT+APP treatment (56.07%) which obtained the highest value. When evaluating the harvest of materials in pre-flowering or floury grain stage, the pre-flowering stage proved to be superior in fiber quality and ruminal degradation. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação

POTENCIAL DO COMPOSTO CDT-1 DE MILHO PARA SELEÇÃO RECORRENTE

2023-03-10T00:00:00Z

Título: POTENCIAL DO COMPOSTO CDT-1 DE MILHO PARA SELEÇÃO RECORRENTE Autor: Franco, Elizandra de Oliveira Primeiro orientador: Faria, Marcos Ventura Abstract: Recurrent selection using half-sib progenies is a widely used method in the improvement of maize populations. For the efficacy of this method, it is necessary that the populations have genetic variability or superior genotypes for agronomic traits of interest. At each cycle, the estimation of genetic parameters is carried out in order to verify the magnitude and maintenance of the present variability, the possible gains with the selection and the permanence and potential of the population in the recurrent selection program. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for improvement of a CDT-1 maize compound for recombination stage in the first cycle under intrapopulation recurrent selection. A total of 140 half-sibling progenies and four commercial controls were evaluated at two sowing dates (September 18 and October 27, 2021), in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Cedeteg campus of the State University of the Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava-PR. The evaluated traits were male flowering (FM), plant height (AP), ear height (AE), relative ear position (PRE), thousand grain weight (PM), grain yield (PG). The progenies showed significant differences for the traits, indicating the presence of genetic variability. The CDT-1 compound has breeding potential to be explored in a recurrent intra-population selection program. The selection gain (GS%=7.42) and the results obtained for heritability (h²=47.61) for the grain yield trait point to the possibility of selection of genotypes with high yield. The selection index of Mulamba & Mock was efficient in the selection of the progenies to be recombined in the next stage of the first selection cycle. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação