http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/5 2025-11-26T02:21:36Z http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2449 Título: Potencialidades das calçadas de cidades brasileiras para ofertar serviços ecossistêmicos Autor: Chami, Maria Eduarda Primeiro orientador: Bobrowski, Rogério Abstract: Sidewalks are essential urban infrastructures for mobility and sustainability. To achieve a sustainable city, it is necessary to ensure accessible sidewalks and high-quality environmental conditions for the provision of ecosystem services. Comprehensive research on sidewalks capacity to offer ecosystem services and serve as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) remains limited. This study surveyed 81 Brazilian cities across the country's five regions. In each state, the capital, a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants, and a city with more than 50,000 inhabitants were selected. In each city, 32 street segments were evaluated, distributed between central and the outskirts. For each street segment, measurements included sidewalk and roadway width, segment length, and slope. Additionally, the predominant type of sidewalk and its average permeability (>70%), the presence of front setbacks in the segment and the existence of marquees over the sidewalk (>70% of lots), the presence of a central flowerbed, accessibility, the number of trees and flowerbeds in the segment, the predominant composition and the predominant type of flowerbed (>70%), and the type of tree canopy projection (>70% of trees) were recorded. Based on these variables, we determine the potential for providing ecosystem services, such as the Potential for Reducing Surface Runoff (PRES), the Potential for Carbon Storage (PEC), and the Potential for Microclimate Regulation (PRM). IN addition to evaluating the ability of sidewalks to serve as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). The results indicated that sidewalks in Brazilian cities have an average width of 3.13 m, an average segment length of 109.92 m, an average slope of 1.55°, and a density of 4.14 trees per 100 m. The Midwest and North regions have the widest sidewalks, while the Northeast and Southeast have the narrowest. The longest street segments were found in the South, and the steepest slopes in the Southeast. Sidewalks in peripheral urban areas have a higher density of trees in the Midwest and South. The Potential for Reducing Surface Runoff (PRES) is higher in the peripheries of the capital cities in the Northeast and Midwest, while the Carbon Stock Potential (CSP) and the Potential for Microclimate Regulation (PRM) are also higher in peripheral areas, especially in the North and Midwest, in small cities. Regarding the ability of sidewalks to serve as NBS, in the model for VSbN1 (current sidewalk conditions), the peripheral areas of the capital cities, especially in the North and Midwest regions, show slightly higher values than the central areas, reflecting better permeability and tree cover. In the model for VSbN2 (ideal green infrastructure conditions), values were higher in the peripheral areas compared to the center, especially in smaller cities in the South, where sidewalks are wider and have more vegetation. The evaluation identified significant differences between regions and city sizes, with no uniformly replicated pattern, resulting in variations in infrastructure characteristics and capacity to provide ecosystem services. Therefore, adapting existing conditions by better integrating gray and green infrastructures can improve urban quality of life by enhancing the provision of ecosystem services. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-12-12T00:00:00Z http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2434 Título: QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS EM FONTES ALTERNATIVAS DE ABASTECIMENTO NO PARANÁ: UM MAPEAMENTO DE VULNERABILIDADES Autor: Manzatto, Caroline Menezes Primeiro orientador: Martins, Kelly Geronazzo Abstract: Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right, essential for promoting public health and reducing social inequalities. From an intersectional approach, it is possible to analyze how different social dimensions, such as gender and race/color, interact to create distinct vulnerabilities among population groups. In this context, the present dissertation aimed to investigate the quality of water supply from alternative sources in the municipalities of the 4th Health Region of Paraná, which includes Fernandes Pinheiro, Guamiranga, Imbituva, Inácio Martins, Irati, Mallet, Rebouças, Rio Azul, and Teixeira Soares, seeking to identify social and environmental inequalities and vulnerabilities, considering sociodemographic variables and reports of violence against women. To this end, data from Vigiagua (Water Quality Surveillance System for Human Consumption), IBGE, and reports of violence against women from the Paraná State Public Security Department were used. These data were analyzed through advanced statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The PCA highlighted that municipalities like Irati and Fernandes Pinheiro exhibit high bacterial contamination, suggesting that local sanitation practices and land use are critical factors. The sociodemographic analysis of the municipalities revealed that, on average, the population consists of approximately 68% individuals who identify as white and 30% as brown, with a lower representation of indigenous, black, and yellow people. The gender distribution is relatively balanced, but women face disproportionalities in terms of access to resources and exposure to social risks, such as violence. Fernandes Pinheiro stands out as an outlier, showing high rates of violence against women, with 1.53 reports per 10,000 inhabitants, and significant contamination by E. coli, with 92.65% of samples exceeding the standard in 2022. The RDA revealed significant correlations between water quality and sociodemographic variables, indicating that indigenous, black, and brown populations are more likely to consume highly contaminated water. In contrast, the white population has access to better-quality water. Additionally, municipalities like Irati and Fernandes Pinheiro, which show high contamination by E. coli and total coliforms, also have high rates of violence against women. This analysis suggests that poor sanitation infrastructure and common socioeconomic factors contribute to more vulnerable social contexts, where water quality and violence are interconnected. These results emphasize the importance of considering the intersectionality of race, color, and gender in public policy formulation, highlighting the need for specific interventions that address both sanitation infrastructure and social dynamics to promote environmental justice. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-12-16T00:00:00Z http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2430 Título: TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES SUÍNOS POR WETLANDS CONSTRUÍDOS: AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS E ECOTOXICOLÓGICOS Autor: ALEXANDRE, RAFAEL LUCAS Primeiro orientador: Souza, Kely Viviane de Abstract: Pig farming is an intensive activity that generates large volumes of effluents rich in organic matter and nutrients, causing significant environmental impacts. This study evaluated the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CW) in treating swine effluents, using the macrophytes Junco (Juncus effusus) and Biri (Canna indica) at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The experiment was conducted on a pilot scale at the UNICENTRO campus in Irati, Paraná, Brazil, using three beds: two planted with macrophytes and one control without vegetation. The results showed that the planted beds performed better in pollutant removal, with the 24-hour HRT standing out as it balanced efficiency and operational feasibility. At this HRT, COD was reduced by 94% in the planted beds and 88% in the control bed, while ammoniacal nitrogen showed reductions of 78% and 57%, respectively. For total phosphorus, reductions of 80%, 64%, and 73% were achieved in the Biri bed, Junco bed, and control bed, respectively. Other parameters, such as turbidity, true color, and solids, also showed significant improvements, reinforcing the system's efficiency. Toxicological bioassays with Daphnia magna confirmed the reduction in toxicity in the treated effluent, with higher LC50 values observed in the planted beds. It is concluded that CWs are a viable and sustainable alternative for treating swine effluents, contributing to mitigating environmental impacts. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-12-16T00:00:00Z http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/2384 Título: Efeitos da aplicação de dejetos suínos nas propriedades do solo e na infiltração de água Autor: Florentino, Robert William Primeiro orientador: Kummer, Ana Carolina Barbosa Abstract: When applied to agricultural areas, liquid pig manure (LPM) can improve soil structure by increasing organic matter content and nutrient availability. On the other hand, when applied indiscriminately, it can cause contamination of soil and water resources. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects on chemical, physical and water attributes of soil resulting from the application of pig liquid manure (LPM). Two areas were evaluated in this research: área 1 (treatment 1) - area where LPM is not applied; area 2 (treatment 2) - area where LPM has been applied to the soil for three years. For the physical characterization of the soil, data on texture, moisture, particle density, soil bulk density and total porosity were analyzed. For the chemical characterization of the soil, analyses of pH, organic matter, H+Al, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SB, CTC and V% were performed. A double-ring infiltrometer was used to determine water infiltration into the soil. Infiltration rates were also estimated and compared using the Horton, Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis models. Treatment 2 showed a higher average water infiltration rate in the soil, in addition to higher levels of organic matter, moisture, K. However, this treatment resulted in a more acidic soil, with a lower pH and a higher H+Al value when compared to treatment 1. Significant statistical differences were found between the two treatments for the parameters pH, H+Al, K, SB, V, Mg and organic matter. Regarding soil water infiltration models, in treatment 1 the model that stood out was the Kostiakov-Lewis, while for treatment 2 the Kostiakov model presented the best results. Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-08-23T00:00:00Z