@PHDTHESIS{ 2018:2059098012,
 	title = {Occurrence of Apoharknessia eucalyptorum in Brazil: in vitro cultivation, pathogenicity and symptomatology},
 	year = {2018},
 	url = "http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1405",
 	abstract = "The number of diseases associated with Eucalyptus spp. in South America is increasing. In this 
 context, the fungus Apoharknessia eucalyptorum was identified recently infecting leaves of 
 Eucalyptus dunnii in Southern Brazil. Since 2004 the genus Apoharknessia was composed only 
 by A. insueta. A. eucalyptorum was described only in 2017 and A. eucalypti in 2018. This genus 
 is poorly understood, lacking information about dispersion, in vitro cultivation, pathogenicity, 
 symptomatology, severity, and impacts. Thus, this study aimed to report the occurrence of A. 
 eucalyptorum in Brazil, the fungus characteristics, the cultivation and sporulation in vitro, the 
 inoculation, pathogenicity, symptomatology and the severity on leaves and trunks. The first 
 chapter addresses the occurrence, and the identification in Brazil of A. eucalyptorum associated 
 with leaf spots on E. dunnii, as well as the first description of pathogenicity. In the second 
 chapter, colony characteristics, growth, and sporulation of A. eucalyptorum were evaluated at 
 temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 °C on four culture media: malt extract agar (MEA); potato 
 dextrose agar (PDA); V8 juice agar (V8); and bean dextrose agar (BEAN). The third chapter 
 addresses the inoculation, symptomatology, pathogenicity, and the severity of A. eucalyptorum 
 on leaves of E. dunnii and Corymbia citriodora, and trunks of E. dunnii. A. eucalyptorum was 
 identified by ITS, ß-Tubulin and Calmodulin sequences, the morphological analysis confirmed 
 the size of the conidia, and the presence of basal and apical appendages on the brown conidia; 
 and the inoculations confirmed the pathogenicity of A. eucalyptorum. The better conditions for 
 growth and sporulation were at 25 °C on PDA, BEAN, and MEA, with 24 hours light regime. 
 The colonies characteristics changed with temperature and media tested. After inoculations, 
 brown, circular or irregular lesions were observed occurring along the leaf margins, sparsely 
 distributed, or coalescing throughout the leaf blade, on detached leaves with and without 
 wounds. Severity ranged from 13 to 63% on E. dunnii and from 30 to 38% on C. citriodora. In 
 this study, the pathogenicity of A. eucalyptorum, the symptomatology of the disease, and that 
 the fungus can infect non-wounded leaf tissuesis demonstrated. Moreover, this is the first report 
 of the fungus on C. citriodora. Thus, the dispersion of A. eucalyptorum and the possible impacts 
 of the pathogen on Eucalyptus spp. plantations should be monitored in Brazil.",
 	publisher = {Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste},
 	scholl = {Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais (Doutorado)},
 	note = {Unicentro::Departamento de Ciências Florestais}
}