ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO EM COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS E MINERAL DA PRÓPOLIS DE PRUDENTÓPOLIS: APLICAÇÕES DA ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA

Abstract

Propolis is a resinous product produced by bees and used by man since the antiquity. Its pharmacological properties are described in the literature and it is essential for quality control the evaluation of mineral, flavonoids and total phenols levels, compounds which are related to antiradical activity and most of the pharmacological properties of propolis. This work aimed to identify correlations between those parameters and the antiradical activity of Propolis from Prudentópolis region, in Paraná. In the context of our research group, the chemical study of this propolis appears from the importance of the apicultural activity for the economy at region, and has as main goal the generation of new medicinal products rich in bio-active substances from propolis. The work also aimed to compare propolis with different ripeness time and from different beekeepers. The levels of organic compounds were determined by spectrophotometric methods in UV-VIS, whereas the levels of metals were evaluated by atomic absorption pectrophotometry. Antiradical activity was determined by the spectrophotometric method that uses the stable radical DPPH and by the assay based on chemiluminescence of luminol in micellar enviroment. Extracts were also analyzed by direct insertion in the mass spectrometer with eletrospray ionization in negative mode ESI(-)-MS and ions m / z 299 (artepillin C) and m / z 301 (comunic acid and dihydrokaempferide) were important ions for propolis from Prudentópolis. The identification of components of propolis extracts was performed by LC-MS. The 30% ethanolic extract showed the highest phenolic level and antiradical activity that positively correlated with the content of dicaffeoylquinic acid and other prenyl phenolic acids. The vegetal oils used in propolis extraction were capable of extracting compounds with antiradical activity, however, with low yield. Regarding the propolis with different ripeness time, there was a trend toward higher content of phenolic compounds in newer propolis but no significant difference in levels of flavonoids and metals was observed. Considering the solvents tested, the highest yield was obtained with ethanol 70% and 95% v / v. These extracts showed a higher intensity of ion m / z 299 (tR 21.7; Artepillin C) and m / z 301 (tR 25.5, E / Z comunico acid) and were the second group with the highest antiradical activity. The principal component analysis (PCA) determined the relations between the various propolis extracts taking into account the following variables: total phenolics, flavonoids, antiradical activity, metal ions and chromatographic data obtained by LC-UV/PDA and LC-MS.