APTIDÃO, ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE GENÓTIPOS DE TRIGO

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most produced cereal in the world and is used in the manufacture of various products that are consumed daily, and because of that, there is the need to produce wheat with good quality and in many regions of the country, to meet demand and reduce transportation costs to millers. The aim of this paper was evaluating performance of experimental lines and commercial cultivars of wheat from the OR Melhoramento de Sementes Ltda., in different environments; evaluating characteristics related to baking quality in two cultivation sites in Region 3 of wheat adaptation in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil; identifying genotypes with good characteristics related to industrial quality and evaluate phenotypic stability and adaptability of grain yield by Annicchiarico and AMMI methods. The experiments were conducted in 10 environments, six in 2011 and four in 2012, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, using 20 lines in tests value for cultivation and use, and five commercial cultivars. Were evaluated components of grain yield (hectolitre weight and thousand grain weight), the characteristics of industrial quality flour (protein, flour stability, sedimentation in sodium dodecyl sulphate and color) and phenotypic stability and adaptability of grain yield. The lines L5, L13 and L15 have demonstrated suitability for the production of wheat biscuit, the lines L1, L2, L3, L6, L10, L16, L17, L18, L19 and L20 have the ability to obtain quality flour for baking. Palotina in 2012 proved to be the most stable environment, but showed low productivity of grains . The methods showed divergence for the most stable genotypes, but the L5, L19 lines and Ametista proved common among them. Besides these, the AMMI method indicates the L3, L4, L6, L11 and L20 lines, and Annicchiarico the lines L2, L12 and Quartzo method as the most stable. The line L5 showed specific adaptability to the environment Arapongas the lines L7, L8, L18, L21 and L24 were shown to be adapted to the environment in Nova Fatima in the years evaluated.