POVOS E COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO: A CARTOGRAFIA SOCIAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE MOBILIZAÇÃO DOS ILHÉUS DO RIO PARANÁ

Abstract

The relationship between local population and traditional communities and nature conservation areas is the focus of this paper, by analyzing the process of the realization of the New Social Cartography of the Community Ilhéus do Rio Paraná. There are nine local population groups and / or traditional communities, in the Paraná, that classify themselves according to their ethnic and collective identity as local- and traditional communities, understood as culturally differentiated groups by different forms of landuse or occupation. Among the several conflicts and adverse situations faced by them, we identified the overlapping of their territories with the creation of Nature Conservation Units, some of them under ful protection, as is the case of Ilhéus do Rio Paraná. This paper summarizes the action of the organization of this community, its major conflicts, the resistance and struggle against expropriation resulting from the flooding by the Itaipu Lake and the creation of islands as protected conservation areas. The struggle, resistance and social organization of the population and traditional communities of Paraná, as derived from Ilheus study, make a clear argument regarding the need for their recognition by the State of Brazil, for their right to maintain their environment and permanency of the communities in their territories, nowadays transformed into protected areas. Identified as a conflict for Ilhéus, conservation areas impede the legitimacy of permanency, due to the way they are created or managed. However, protected areas have to comply to a legislation that is discribed in two types of conservation: sustainable use and total protection. Featuring a mismatch with the public conservation policy and the right to maintain in their environment, the permanancy, compensation and resettlement, as claimed by the Ilhéus. Among the various processes of expropriation, elements that the islanders are displaced by conservation projects were presented. Thus, the process of historical resistance, the struggle to stay on the islands, the preparation of documents, maps, etc., as the Social Cartography instrumentalizes the community aiming for environmental justice.