Avaliação Bioquímica, hematológica e nutricional de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer

Abstract

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main reason of incapacitation of people over 60 years, and also the main reason of dementia around the world. Some researches talk about some AD patients that show nutritional deficiency of vitamins and minerals, and these deficiencies could be evolve not just in loss of lean body mass, but also cognitive deficits. In front of these evidences this research had the goal of valuing the hematological biochemical and nutritional parameters of Alzheimer's patients registered in the Association of Researches and Support for Alzheimer's Patients, comparing them with ancient without the disease. 19 elderly people attended the research in each group, to which has been made some home visits to nutritional and cognitive valuation. The nutritional valuation has composed for the determination of the index of body mass, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and dosages of blood markers of the status of general and nutritional healthy of old people with CBC, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, vitamin B12, folic acid, transferrin, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prealbumin and leptin. The cognitive valuation has made by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The staging of the disease has made by the scale Clinical Demential Rating (CDR). The statistics analysis has been made using the Shapiro-Wilk tests, test t paired, Anova one-way, followed by the post-hoc of Bonferroni. The significance level has been established in p=0.05. The studied sample has been composed for 59.1% (n=13) of the female sex and 40.9% (n=9) of the male sex, both in Alzheimer and control group, with an average age of 77.27 (±8.14) years. 50% (n=11) of the Alzheimer's patients were in a light stage (CDR 1). 31.81% (n=7) in a moderate stage (CDR 2) and 18.18% (n=4) in a severe stage (CDR 3). The average of the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was 15.5 points (± 7.8) for the Alzheimer's group and 25.3 (± 3.3) for the control group (p<0.001). The MNA identified 4.54% of Alzheimer’s patients like malnourished, 50% with risk of malnutrition, 45.45% with proper state of nutrition. In the control group 95.45% of the patients showed a proper state of nutrition. For the BMI classification 50% of the patients of Alzheimer’s group and 59.09% of the patients of the control group showed overweight, 36.36% of the patients of the Alzheimer’s group and 40.9% of the patients of the control group showed themselves like eutrophics, 13.63% of the Alzheimer’s group and 4.54% of the control group showed slimness. In the Alzheimer’s group has been a positive correlation between the BMI and the MMSE (p<0.01) and MNA and MMSE (p<0.05); in the control group has been a positive correlation between MNA and MMSE (p<0.05). It has not been identified anemia on patients. The leptin values showed they were bigger on Alzheimer’s group in relation to the control (p=0.05). Alzheimer’s patients showed smaller levels of HDL cholesterol (p=0.001). Therefore, the development on the MMSE test has reaction with the nutritional proper, and Alzheimer’s patients showed alterations in sanguine biochemical components when they are compared to elderly people without the disease.