CRESCIMENTO, PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDAD PÓS-COLHEITA DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃ COMUM EM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA EM AMBIENTE DE ALTA PRODUTIVIDADE

Abstract

Common bean is part of Brazilian culture and society. It is part of the eating habit of groups of different income levels, gender, regions, and age ranges. Brazil is the third-largest common bean producer in the world, and this Fabaceae has wide adaptation to different environments and grown managements. The objective of this research was to check the effect of cultivars and sowing densities on growth and grain yield of common beans, and on its postharvest attributes. The experiment was carried out in December 2018, in Guarapuava-PR, Brazil. It consisted of four cultivars (BRS Esteio, BRS FC 104, TAA Dama and IPR Campos Gerais), five densities (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 thousand plants per hectare), and three replications (blocks), in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme. The most important yield components in common beans were the number of grains per area and the number of grains per pod. Cultivar BRS Esteio had the highest yield. The number of grains per plant and the number of grains per area were inversely proportional. Both variables were affected by sowing density, with the highest yields obtained with the highest sowing densities. Plant height, leaf area index, and total dry matter per area were cultivar attributes, but it was also affected by sowing density. Leaf area index and total dry matter per area were genetic characteristics indicating adaptability and plasticity of common beans, whit the highest yield achieved by the cultivar that showed high values in these parameters. The black bean cultivar BRS Esteio and the color bean cultivar TAA Dama had the best coloring and stability characteristics.