TECNOLOGIA ASSISTIVA 3M: MATERIAL MANIPULÁVEL DE MULTIPLICAÇÃO PARA APRENDIZAGEM DO CONCEITO MATEMÁTICO AO ESTUDANTE CEGO NA PERSPECTIVA INCLUSIVA

Abstract

The process of teaching Mathematics in Elementary School – early years has been a challenge for teachers, because it is at this stage of education that many scientific concepts about this area of knowledge are elaborated and used in different social contexts. In this way, the abstraction for learning mathematical concepts becomes complex, in the case of blind students it is no different, because, like other students, they need manipulative materials and Assistive Technologies – AT that supply their needs, ‘to see with hands’ for the formation oh these concepts. Thus, for this thesis, the 3M Assistive Technologies: Manipulable Multiplication Material (TA–3M) was developed to teach the concept of multiplication tables to the the blind student in the Inclusive Perspective. It was deposited with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), under process number BR 10 2021 023830. In view of this, this thesis had the general objective of analyzing the contributions of 3M Assistive Technology: Manipulable Multiplication Material for the learning of the concept of mathematics to the blind student in the Inclusive Perspective. Applied research and a qualitative approach were used, was used as a strategy, carried out in a municipal Early Childhood Education and Elementary school, located in the city in the state of Paraná – Brazil. A blind student enrolled in the 3rd year of Elementary School – initial years, who participated in the Multifunctional Resource Room – SRM (Type-II) in the after- school period, and three teachers responsible for teaching Mathematics participated in the research. The instruments and procedures used for data collection were: observation; pedagogical interventions and interviews. Records were gathered in a field diary; activities developed with thw blind student, audio and video recordings and photos. Date were analyzed from the five phases of AT – 3M for teaching-multiplication tables: I) Tactile Exploration; II) Functionality Criteria; III) Decoding the numbers in Braille prepared on the Quadrangular Plate; IV) Concept of Multiplication and its Properties; and V) Process for the Mathematical Operation from Multiplication to Division, based on the Historical – Cultural theory, approaching the formation of action in the mental plane through stages, proposed by Piotr Yakovlevich Galperin: [1] Motivational Action; [2] Guiding Basis of Action; [3] Formation of Action in the Materialized Plane; [4] Formation of Action in the External Language; and [5] Action on the Mental Plane. It was found that the AT – 3M brought contributions to the process of teaching and learning multiplication tables concepts to the blind student, allowing independence during manipulation, to understand the meaning of a table, through ‘seeing with the hands’, construction and desconstruction of multiplication, formation of even and odd numbers, notions of rows and columns, addtion and subtraction from the representativeness of squares, writing of mathematical symbols in braille used in operations multiplying, multiplier and product and their relationships with the cumulative, associative and distributive properties, solving calculation and initial notions of division. AT – 3M and 3M Technology adapted to sighted students in the Inclusive Perspective, revealed the importance of developing manipulable materials, thinking of everyone and for everyone during the theaching process of mathematical concepts.