Efeitos do envelhecimento na respiração e na voz

Abstract

The aging process brings with it modifications physiological systems in various systems of the human body, and may impact the health and quality of life of the elderly. Effects of aging on breathing and voice, though already known, still deserve to be deepened with regard to their relationships as well as the influence of health data general in its characteristics. Objective: To investigate the effects of aging in breathing and voice, relating: the variables of these two Systems; vocal and respiratory data to general health data relating to the fragility, mental health and sleep quality. Method: Observational study, analytical and cross-cutting. Fifty-four elderly people aged between 60 and 77 years with an average of 65.96 (±4.24), 35 women and 19 men. Everyone responded to identification data, anthropometric evaluation, evaluation of sarcopenia and responded to icvf-20 instruments, Depression Scale Geriatric (EGD) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Beyond have undergone the following evaluations: (manovacuometry and spirometry), vocal (self-assessment, auditory-perceptual assessment and acoustics). The data were statistically analyzed descriptively and inferential. Results: In the vocal evaluation, 27.78% (15) of the elderly vocal complaints and 51.85% (28) reported that the voice changed with the advancing age. Most of the elderly presented scores in the self-assessment instruments ESV, IDV-10 and RAVI within the range presented by vocally healthy individuals. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, the highest part of the elderly presented moderate general vocal deviation, both in the sustained emission as chained. Acoustic analysis measures also presented median values within the expected for individuals vocally healthy, except for vowel CPPs, whose median values were inferior. In relation to respiratory evaluation, the majority of the elderly had normal MIP strength and decreased in MIP. The values obtained in spirometry, in general, were below expected for the population brazilian adult. Elderly who reported vocal changes with aging presented higher scores in the ICVF-20 and in the DS, in addition to longer time in the TUGT and lower upper-member strength. There were positive correlations, between the IVCF-20 and EGD scores and the scores obtained vocal self-assessment instruments. There was a positive correlation, between IVCF-20 and FVC and in relation to the depression and MIP. There was also a positive mean correlation between expiratory of the first second and the mean Vowel MFTs. There were also positive correlation, from small to medium, between the results of FF/FVC and the scores obtained in the vocal self-assessment instruments. From the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the majority of the elderly were and present respiratory changes in relation to MMAX and volumes and capabilities presented by spirometry and vocal deviations with regard to auditory-perceptual analysis of the voice. Few correlations of voice and breathing were found. Elderly who reported complaints and/or major vocal symptoms/disadvantage and/or that referred to observe changes in the voice over time are also the ones that most change in relation to body functioning as a whole, related to issues of depression, frailty, risk of falls and decrease in global strength.