A abordagem sociolinguística para a estrutura narrativa dos romances Segredo de Pedra e A Maldição do Padre, de Ivo Gasparin

Abstract

The southern region of Brazil has a wide cultural and linguistic variety. Several factors contribute to this, among which the following stand out: (a) it is a border region with Spanish-speaking countries; (b) it was initially disputed land by the Portuguese and Span iards, and the Portuguese took possession of it definitively only from the 17th and 18th centuries; (c) large waves of European immigrants, mainly Italians and Germans, speakers of languages other than Portuguese, were established in the region from the 19th century onwards. Among the European groups in contact with the Portuguese, Italian assumes a prominent position. Talian, a language formed in Brazil, is also recognized in 2014 as a Brazilian Cultural Reference, along with the indigenous languages, Asurini do Trocará and Guarani Mbya, inventoried in 2010, being were the first to be recognized by IPHAN and the Ministry of Culture, MinC. On November 19, 2014, these languages became part of the National Inventory of Linguistic Diversity (NILD), according to Decree 7387/2010. In an attempt to strengthen the Talian Culture, we dedicated ourselves to the study of interfaces between sociolinguistics and literature, from the works “Segredo de Pedra” and “A Maldição do Padre” by Ivo Gasparin, in which we analyzed the variation of the tonic nasal diphthong -ão in Portuguese, noting Talian marks that correspond to the alternation -ão > -on in words like pão (bread) -pon, então (then) -inton, for example. We look for theoretical support in sociolinguistics: Weinreich, Labov and Herzog, 2006; Labov, 2008, 1994, 2001; Linguistic diversity of RS, 2018; Luzzatto, Maestri, 1998; Bagno, 2015. We also draw on studies between sociolinguistics and literature, by Preti (1974), in which we seek to explain, through the theory of sociolinguistics, the re gionalism that is very present in modernist works, based on a regionalist model which the writer applies to reinforce the nationality instinct and the project of preservation of the Talian. The process of linguistic contact assumes greater importance when younger people realize that their way of speaking is the basis of a critical linguistic prejudice, which has roots in Getúlio Vargas’s Nationalization Project, in which the idea of a “pure nation” persisted, which aimed to “whiten” the country, seeking workers from Europe and who, upon entering Brazil, were silenced and prohibited from speaking the only language they knew, due to the mandatory and exclusive use of the Portuguese language. The occur rences of the diphthong –ão, -on are due to the inexistence of the nasal -ão in Talian.

La region Sud del Brasil la presenta na granda diversità lengoìstica e cultural. Ghe ze araquanti fatori che i colabora con questo congiunto de caraterìstiche, con distaco par: (a) gaver region de frontiera con paesi de léngoa spagnola; (b) ze stata campo de batàlia tra portoghesi e spagnoi, e, ala fin, i portoghesi i ze stati i vinsitori ntei sècoli XVII e XVIII; (c) tanti imigranti europei, soratuto italiani e tedeschi, che i parlava léngoe diverse del Brasilian, i se ga stabilii ntela region Sud ntel sècolo XIX. Tra i grupi europei, el italiano el ze stato un grupo de grando distaco. El Talian, léngoa che se forma ntel Brasil, anca ze stata ricognossesta in 2014 come Referência Cultural Brasileira, insieme con le léngoe indìgine, el Asurini do Trocará e el Guarani Mbya, che le ze state le prime a esser ricognosseste par el IPHAN e el Ministério da Cultura, MinC. Dal 19 de novembre de 2014, queste léngoe le ga passà a far parte del Inventário Nacional da Diversidade Linguística (INDL), conforme el Decreto 7387/2010. Par dar distaco ala Cultura Taliana, gavemo fato un stùdio che dopera la sossiolengoìstica e la leteratura, dele òpere “Segredo de Pedra” e “A Maldição do Padre”, de Ivo Gasparin, ntele quale gavemo analisà la variassion ntel ditongo nasal -ão > -on in parole come pão - pon, então - inton, par esémpio. El soporto teòrico lo gavemo sercà ntela sossiolengoìstica: Weinreich, Labov e Herzog, 2006; Labov, 2008, 1994, 2001; Diversità lengoìstica do RS, 2018; Luzzatto, Maestri, 1998; Bagno, 2015. Gavemo anca doperà i stùdii tra sossiolengoìstica e leteratura, de Preti (1974), in quai gavemo spiegà el regionalismo, che el ze abastansa presente ntele òpere moderniste, soratuto nte un modelo regionalista in che el autor el riforsa la nassionalità e la salvaguàrdia dela Léngoa Talian. El contato lengoìstico el guadagna na importansa pi granda quando i pi dóvani i se incorde che la so maniera de parlar ze la base che fondamenta un forte preconceto lengoìstico, che el ga radise ntel Progeto de Nassionalisassion de Getúlio Vargas, ntel qual se desiderava una nassion pura, par el sbiancamento dela povolassion. Magari, co sti laoradori europei i ze vegnesti al Brasil, i ghe ga tocà star sito, parché no i podeva doperar la so léngoa, la ùnica che i savea. Le ocorense del ditongo –ão, -on le sucede par la inesistensa dela nasal -ão ntel Talian.