Efeito da bentonita na saúde e produção leiteira de vacas em lactação submetidas à dieta naturalmente contaminada por micotoxinas

Abstract

Mycotoxins often contaminate cattle feed, which can cause liver damage, immunosuppression and reduced production, and in birds and pigs, adsorbents such as bentonite mitigate such losses, however for cattle there are few studies on their use, especially when intoxication occurs due to naturally contaminated diets. So, 18 dairy cows were chosen, they were multiparous in the middle of the lactation stage, consuming a diet containing fumonisin B1 (683,7 μg/Kg) e B2 (306,6 μg/Kg) and zearalenona (503,9 μg/Kg) on total animal feed. The animals were divided into treatment (TG, n = 9) and control (CG, n = 9) groups, and subjected to hematological assessments, oxidative neutrophil metabolism by the tetrazolium nitroazul (NBT) technique and physical chemical analysis of milk, every week for two months, totaling eight analyzes. A search for aflatoxin M1 in milk was also carried out in three moments. This study aimed to assess whether the daily oral administration of mycotoxin adsorbent, bentonite clay based on aluminosilicate for 56 days would attenuate these changes It was observed that the use of the adsorbent promoted a reduction in the milk excretion of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an increase in serum protein (p = 0.03) and albumin (p = 0.0001), an increase in leukocyte oxidative metabolism from the day 24 (p = 0.05), and increased milk production from the 16th day of treatment (p = 0.08). There was no improvement in the physical-chemical indexes of the animals' milk. It is concluded that the use of aluminosilicate-based adsorbent was able to attenuate the effects of mycotoxins on the function of leukocytes and to increase milk production.