EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBIO DURANTE A HEMODIÁLISE NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE DOENTES RENAIS CRÔNICOS

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) configured as a global health problem, with high costs to public health. CKD is a metabolic syndrome resulting from a generally slow progressive loss of renal excretory capacity, causing various changes that will affect the overall health of kidney patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of aerobic exercise during hemodialysis, functional capacity, quality of life and pain in chronic renal patients. The sample consisted of 38 individuals of both sexes, aged between 30 and 60 years. They formed two groups: Group 1 (CKD + exercise) and Group 2 (CKD patients - no exercise). Inclusion criteria were: chronic kidney disease (stage V), on dialysis for at least six months. Two questionnaires, the KDQOL-SF of quality of life and the McGill questionnaire were used to verify the pain. Participants performed the 6-minute walk test (TC'6) to assess functional capacity. After completing the initial stages, G1 underwent aerobic exercise. To perform the exercise, a portable ergometer cycle was used, which was positioned in front of the dialysis chair, with the aid of a crate, to adapt the height of the bicycle. Each session consisted of 45 minutes of aerobic exercise intensity of 50% to 60% of maximal heart rate. The exercise was performed in the first two hours of hemodialysis, using a frequency meter to control and maintain the intensity throughout the exercise period. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software (version 20.0). For the data treatment, mean descriptive statistics and standard deviation were used. To verify the normality of the data, we used Shapiro-Wilks, ANOVA for repeated measures with two factors was used to determine significant differences between the groups (exercise and control) and between the moments (pre vs post) in the variables analyzed. Significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). It was possible to observe a significant increase in the distance covered in the walking test (6MWT), in the exercise group (pre: 451.75 ± 80.65, post: 492.40 ± 78.00, p: 0.002), as well as improvement in Vo2max (pre: 17.53 ± 2.41, post: 18.75 ± 2.34, p: 0.002), and there was also a significant reduction in the subjective perception of effort (pre: 6.45 ± 2, 08, powders: 3.65 ± 1.46, p: <0.001). In the dimensions related to quality of life, the following variables were observed: physical functioning (pre: 55.00 ± 22.86, post: 64.50 ± 21.75 p: 0.037), physical function (pre: 44, 50 ± 42.76, powders: 64.75 ± 34.43, p: 0.038), energy and fatigue (pre: 53.50 ± 24.28, powders: 62.50 ± 21.73, p <0.001), (pre: 48.00 ± 25.15, post: 56.25 ± 25.43, p: 0.011) and team stimulus (pre: 89.37 ± 16.85, post: 96.25 ± 9, 15, p: 0.005) of the exercise group, as well as a reduction in energy and fatigue dimensions (pre: 56.38 ± 26.83, post: 48.61 ± 22.54, p <0.001), and physical functioning of the control group (pre: 46.11 ± 26.20, post: 40.83 ± 24.14, p <0.001). In the exercise group, there was also a significant reduction in pain (pre: 10.10 ± 10.22, post: 6.81 ± 8.21, p: <0.001) and when compared to the control group (pre: 14.78 ± 11.76, powders: 14.72 ± 11.83, w: <0.001). It is concluded that the intradialytic exercise is an efficient strategy in the improvement of the functional capacity, quality of life and in the reduction of the pain in the chronic renal patient.