Identificação dos conflitos na cobertura da terra com base na aplicação do novo código florestal brasileiro

Abstract

In this research, the effects of the application of the law 12,651 / 12, now known as the new "BRAZILIAN FORESTRY CODE", law defining the occupation and preservation of rural and urban properties. The study area is the River Basin Cabeceira da Barra Grande in the municipality of Porto Uniao, North Plateau of Santa Catarina. The study consisted of lifting stages of the use and occupation of land, with aerial images provided by the state government, representing the time of 2011 and satellite images of the year of 2008 in order to identify the consolidated declared areas. All properties were defined to classify these to modular groups and thus apply the peculiarities of the relevant legislation for each group of properties, which seek to reduce the recovery impacts of conservation areas in small farms, encouraging the development of these properties family production. Through this research have been identified various conflicts to the applicability of legislation such as the difficulty in acquiring images of year limit (2008) for identification of consolidated areas and the low spatial resolution of available images, making it difficult to demarcate very small areas of conservation, such smaller properties described in Brazilian Legislation; there was also inconsistency in the boundaries of the properties on the country and errors in enrollment, fundamental to classify the properties of several other cases. The results indicate conflicts regarding the preservation area and the use of property in accordance with the territorial extent they have. Most farms in the study are areas classified as small family farms, which benefit from the current legislation. Nevertheless, the largest fraction of the basin are occupied by large land holders, which in this case remained preserved. Therefore, changes in legislation help maintain the productive capacity of small farms; on the other hand the preservation of large natural areas are responsibility to large landowners, determined by law.