TEDE Coleção: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (Mestrado)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (Mestrado)http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/5432024-03-28T07:04:03Z2024-03-28T07:04:03ZInoculação micorrízica e doses de fósforo no crescimento inicial da erva-mateSzczepanik, Thaishttp://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/21942024-03-21T03:30:33Z2023-11-28T00:00:00ZTítulo: Inoculação micorrízica e doses de fósforo no crescimento inicial da erva-mate
Autor: Szczepanik, Thais
Primeiro orientador: Ávila, Fabrício William
Abstract: Yerba mate is the main non-timber forest product in the southern region of Brazil.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve phosphorus (P) uptake
efficiency in plants, but little is known about its effects on yerba mate. The
objective was to evaluate the effects of AMF and P doses on the initial growth,
dry matter production, and phosphorus nutrition in yerba mate. The experiment
was conducted in the seedling production nursery of the Forest School in Irati-PR,
Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates
in a 2x7 factorial scheme, with two mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and seven
P-dose treatments added to the soil. At 90, 210, and 320 days after transplanting
(DAT), growth evaluations were performed, including measurements of shoot
height and stem diameter. Plants were harvested, and dry weights of roots, stem,
and leaves were obtained. Subsequently, the amount of accumulated P in these
plant parts was estimated after determining the P content in the dry matter.
Phosphorus fertilization in moderate doses increased the growth and dry matter
production of yerba mate. The amount of accumulated P in yerba mate shoot and
roots increased with the increment of P doses in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi promoted greater initial growth of yerba mate in P-deficient soil and
increased biomass production of roots and shoot, as well as the amount of
accumulated P in the shoot. This demonstrates the feasibility of using AMF-based
inoculants to improve the development and P uptake by yerba mate in nutrient-poor soils.
Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-11-28T00:00:00ZINTERAÇÃO BIOCHAR E ADUBAÇÃO NA NUTRIÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ERVA MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. ST. HIL)ZAMPIER, IGOR FELIPEhttp://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/21932024-03-21T03:30:35Z2023-06-20T00:00:00ZTítulo: INTERAÇÃO BIOCHAR E ADUBAÇÃO NA NUTRIÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ERVA MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. ST. HIL)
Autor: ZAMPIER, IGOR FELIPE
Primeiro orientador: Ávila, Fabricio William de
Abstract: This study aimed to study the effects of NPK mineral fertilization associated with
doses of biochar (0, 10, 30 and 50% mixed with soil) on the initial growth and
nutritional status of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.). The biochar was
obtained from the pyrolysis of a mixture of pine and eucalyptus residues from
wood industries of the region. Measurements of stem diameter and shoot height
were taken at 0, 60, 120 and 180 days after planting. In the end, the plants were
harvested, and the production of shoot and root biomass was evaluated. Foliar
contents of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S), micronutrients (Mn, B, Mo, Zn,
Cu, Ni and Fe), beneficial elements (Al, Si, Se, V and Na) and contaminants (Cd,
Cr and Pb) were determined. NPK mineral fertilization at planting was essential for
adequate growth of yerba mate. On the other hand, there were no positive effects
of biochar on the yerba mate growth, regardless of fertilization. The 10% biochar
dose did not affect plant growth; however, doses of 30 and 50% caused toxicity.
Foliar contents of K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Mo were increased with biochar doses,
while foliar content of Mn was decreased. Also, biochar doses reduced foliar Al
and Cd contents. Thus, the biochar used in this experiment, at least in the short
term, does not replace mineral fertilization, even partially, for adequate initial
growth of yerba mate. However, its use in dosages up to 10%, aiming at soil
conditioning, does not harm the development of yerba mate and has the potential
to increase foliar contents of some nutrients and reduce foliar Cd content.
Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-06-20T00:00:00ZDINÂMICA EM GRUPOS SUCESSIONAIS DA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA ABERTA SUBMONTANA NA REGIÃO NORTE DO MATO GROSSOBISPO, LILIANE BARBOZAhttp://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/21922024-03-21T03:30:27Z2023-12-15T00:00:00ZTítulo: DINÂMICA EM GRUPOS SUCESSIONAIS DA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA ABERTA SUBMONTANA NA REGIÃO NORTE DO MATO GROSSO
Autor: BISPO, LILIANE BARBOZA
Primeiro orientador: Watzlawick, Luciano Farinha
Abstract: Brazil has six types of biomes, each one has its natural diversity, particularity and
beauty, namely: Amazon, Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Pampa. The
Amazon Forest is the largest tropical forest in the world and in Brazilian territory and occupies
approximately 49.0% of the national territory, which is equivalent to an area of 4.2 million km².
This biome is mainly made up of dense and open forests, home to the largest hydrographic
network in the world. The objective of this study was to analyze the existing vegetation in a
fragment of the Submontane Open Rainforest (FOAS), aiming to understand structure and
successional dynamics, denoting its ecological importance and providing information that helps in the application of sustainable forest management practices. The study was carried out in the native vegetation area, in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, Brazil. A 1 hectare sampling unit was installed in the study area, subdivided into 25 sampling subunits of 400 m² each. In this sampling area, all individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were taxonomically identified and
measured. The first measurement was carried out in 2018. On the second occasion, in 2021, the botanical material of the recruited species was collected and all individuals were remeasured and counted. In the sampling unit, a total of 905 ind/ha-¹, 200 species were recorded, where the families with the greatest specific richness were Moraceae with (25 sp.). The most important species in the study was Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae), presenting IVI with 8.34%. Diversity was considered high, with 4.60 ind nats-1. The forest dynamics presented a balance between the mortality and entry rates, being 1.58% and 1.54% per year respectively. The predominance of individuals belonging to the late secondary group suggests that the area is in an intermediate to climax succession stage. This scenario is reinforced by the fact that the FOAS fragment in question has a high diversity of species, which are in dynamic successional balance. Furthermore, the history of absence of disturbances in the area strengthens the hypothesis that it is in a forest stage at the succession climax level.
Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-12-15T00:00:00ZSELEÇÃO DE PROGÊNIES DE Eucalyptus pilularis Smith POR MATRIZ DE PARENTESCO OBTIDA POR MEIO DE MICROSSATÉLITESBRIZOLA, GUSTAVO EUGÊNIO ALVARENGAhttp://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/21912024-03-21T03:30:28Z2023-07-06T00:00:00ZTítulo: SELEÇÃO DE PROGÊNIES DE Eucalyptus pilularis Smith POR MATRIZ DE PARENTESCO OBTIDA POR MEIO DE MICROSSATÉLITES
Autor: BRIZOLA, GUSTAVO EUGÊNIO ALVARENGA
Primeiro orientador: Peres, Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira
Abstract: Meeting the global demand for wood and forest by-products has been one of the main challenges today and in the coming decades. Among the raw materials, the species Eucalyptus pilularis stands out because it has good wood quality, a high growth rate, and the ability to develop in different types of soils. Due to the characteristics of the species, there is great potential for resuming breeding programs, considering the genetic diversity of E. ilularis
materials existing in Brazil. Based on this information, this research aimed to evaluate the potential of microsatellite markers to assist in the selection of E. pilularis parents in the formation of a new population for reproduction and to analyze the genetic variability through quantitative variables of progenies. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design (DBC), with five replications, in linear plots consisting of five plants, spaced 3 m x 2 m. In this experiment, 13 provenances and 115 progenies were evaluated. The analysis of the
quantitative traits was carried out using a mixed model, using a matrix of half-sibling relationships and the molecular relationship of the population, obtained through the coancestry coefficient, using microsatellite markers. The genetic parameters were estimated by the methodology (REML/BLUP), for the characters diameter at breast
height (DBH, cm), total height (H, m), and volume (Vol, cm³) at 5 years of age in Itatinga, SP. The genetic gain of the population was also estimated taking into account its productivity in volume, considering the molecular parentage matrix. The population of E. pilularis presented a survival rate of 85.45%, with mean values of H of 18.65 m, DBH of 14.28 cm, and Vol of 14.57 cm³. For the parentage matrix considering half-siblings, the individual heritability (ℎ𝑖
2) for the evaluated characters was considered low to moderate (0.14 to 0.20), while for
the average heritability (ℎ𝑚2) they were considered high magnitude (0.53 to 0.61). These results were similar for the parentage matrix estimated by markers, with an individual heritability (ℎ𝑖2) considered of moderate magnitude (0.27 to 0.40). By estimating the predicted genotypic values considering the molecular parentage matrix, for the
character volume (cm³), the half-sibling matrix and the molecular parentage matrix presented low to moderate accuracy (𝑟𝑎𝑎̂ ), respectively, 0 .37 to 0.45 and 0.52 to 0.63. Considering selection for genetic conservation, the genetic gain was 28.40%, with an improved population with an average volume of 18.71 cm³. A mass selection simulation was also carried out with an intensity of 10% of the best E. pilularis individuals. In the 10% selection simulation, all provenances remained in the experiment, but 28 progenies did not present any superior individual to be maintained in the experiment. In this selection, the genetic gain was 30.93%, with an average volume of the improved population of 19.08 cm³. The use of the molecular kinship matrix provided a better adjustment in the estimates of genetic parameters, increasing their estimates and enabling more realistic results for the species. The
volume character presented a relative coefficient of variation close to 1, in addition to presenting higher values for the evaluated parameters compared to the other evaluated characters (height and DBH), and its use is recommended for selecting the best individuals. To create an improved population aiming at greater genetic gain and effective
size, one must opt for mass selection, whereas if the objective is to create a base population, one must opt for selection aiming at genetic conservation, that is, leaving one individual from each progeny in each block, this way the best individuals from all origins and progenies will be part of this population, thus guaranteeing greater genetic diversity in the improved population.
Instituição: Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-07-06T00:00:00Z